Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) refers to the use of red-beam or near-infrared lasers with a wave-length between 600 and 1000nm power from 5–500 milliwatts. In contrast, lasers used in surgery typically use 300 watts. These lasers are nonthermal. While the exact mechanism of its effect is unknown, it is theorized that due to the low absorption by human skin the laser light can penetrate deeply into the tissues where it may have a photobiostimulation effect. These types of lasers have been advocated for use in a wide range of medical conditions encompassing: wound healing; smoking cessation; tuberculosis; temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders; and a variety of musculoskeletal conditions that includes carpal tunnel syndrome, fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. LLLT may be administered by several different types of providers, including physicians, chiropractors, physical therapists, or occupational therapists. It is generally provided in an office or other outpatient setting with no anesthesia or sedation needed.

LLLT is also referred to as cold laser therapy, low-power laser therapy (LPLT), low-intensity laser and lowenergy laser therapy. When LLLT is administered to the acupuncture pressure points, it may be referred to as laser acupuncture. LLLT includes an extensive variety of procedures involving several laser types and treatment methods. There does not appear to be standards regarding the laser dose, number of treatments or the length of treatment. This results in difficulties with the consistency of the literature. Several randomized controlled trials involving patients with venous ulcers, rheumatoid arthritis, and other musculoskeletal disorders have failed to demonstrate any significant benefits of LLLT when compared to standard treatment methods or placebos for these conditions.